पूषा / पूषण (सूर्यमुर्ती)
जो पर्यंत आकाशात सूर्य प्रकाशमान आहे तो पर्यंत मूर्तींमधून लोकांना प्रेरणा मिळत राहील.
सनातन धर्मात शिव व विष्णु नंतर सूर्य ही महत्वाची देवता आहे. जसं शिवाला शैव व विष्णुला वैष्णव पूजतात तसेच सूर्याला मानणारे सौर नावाने ओळखले जातात.
याआधी पण एकदा नमूद केल होत की जसं विष्णुच्या चोवीस मूर्ती असतात तसेच सूर्याच्या बारा मूर्ती आहेत. त्यांची नावे धाता, मित्र, अर्यमा, रुद्र, वरुण, सूर्य, भग, विवस्वान, पूषा, सवितृ, त्वष्टा,विष्णु अशी आहेत.
त्याचे वर्गीकरण हातात नेमकी कोणती वस्तू आहे त्यावर होते. पूषा ही एकमेव मूर्ती आहे जी दोन हातांची असते तर सूर्याच्या इतर अकरा मूर्ती या चार हाताच्या असून वरील दोन्ही हातात नेहमी कमळ च असते.
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पूषाख्यस्य रवेरमुर्ती-द्विर्भुजा पद् लांछना ।
सर्वपापहरा ज्ञेया सर्वलक्षणलक्षिता॥
अर्थात, पूषा नामक ही मूर्ती दोन हातांची असून दोन्हीत कमळ धारण केलेली असते. सर्व लक्षण युक्त ही मूर्ती पापांचे निर्दालन करते.
पूषाच्या रथाला घोड्याऐवजी बकरे जोडलेले असतात म्हणून अजाश्व असे विशेषण याला वापरले जाते. तो उत्तम सारथी असून याला रस्त्यांचा स्वामी असून म्हणतात. तो मार्गातील सर्व अडथळे दूर करतो व वाट चुकलेल्यांना मार्ग दाखवतो.
गलागेश्र्वर मंदिरातील मूर्ती
कर्नाटक राज्यात, तुंगभद्रा नदीच्या काठावर गलागेश्र्वर मंदिर आहे जे ११ व्या शतकात कल्याण चालुक्याने बांधले.
हि मूर्ती त्याच मंदिरातील सूर्यदेवतेची असून दोन्ही हातात कमळ धारण केले आहे. डोक्यावर करंड मुकुट व मस्तकामागे प्रभा मंडळ दिसते. अंगावर एकच वस्त्र दिसत आहे जे अगदी कोट घातल्या प्रमाणे आहे. हे वस्त्र बाजूला झाल्याने शरीराचा उघडा भाग सुस्पष्ट केलेला दिसतो. सदर मूर्ती पद्म पिठावर उभी आहे. सूर्याची मूर्ती एक तर पद्म पिठावर उभी दाखवतात किंवा सात घोडे जोडलेल्या षट्कोनी रथावर दाखवितात. अशा रथाचा सारथी पांगळा अरुण असतो.
सूर्याच्या उजव्या बाजूला उषा आणि डाव्या बाजूला प्रत्यूषा( बहुतेक) यांच्या मूर्ती आहेत. या दोन्ही सूर्याच्या ऊर्जेचा स्रोत आहेत. सकाळच्या पहिल्या किरणाला उषा म्हणतात तर संध्याकाळच्या शेवटच्या किरणाला प्रत्युषा.
ऐहोळे येथील मूर्ती
दुसरी मूर्ती ऐहोळे येथील असून डोक्यावर मुकुट, कानात कुंडले, दोन्ही हातात कमळ, गळ्यात दागिने, पोटावर उदरबंध, कमरेवर कटिसुत्र व मुक्तधाम आहे.
हळेबिडू मधील मूर्ती
तिसरी मूर्ती ही हळेबिडू मधील आहे. ही मूर्ती अतिशय सुंदर असून वरील दोन मुर्त्या प्रमाणे दागदागिने व कमळ धारण केले आहे. पण या मूर्तीत कलाकाराने खूप मेहनत घेतलेली दिसते.
अशा प्रकारे सूर्य मूर्तीतील पूषा नामक प्रकार आपण पहिला आणि शेवटी एकच गोष्ट - सृष्टीचे चक्र खऱ्या अर्थाने जो चालवतो तो सूर्य. सूर्य असो की अन्य कोणताही ग्रह त्याला हिंदू धर्मात अनन्यसाधारण महत्व आहे.©ओंकार खंडोजी तोडकर
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Pusha / Pushan (Sun Idol):
यावकाशकः सूर्यो वावमूर्तिभिरीरितः ||
Which means, as long as the sun shines in the sky, people will continue to be inspired by the idols.
Sun is the most important deity in Sanatan Dharma after Shiva and Vishnu. Just as Shiva is worshiped by Shaivites and Vishnu is worshiped by Vaishnavism, those who believe in the sun are also known as solar.
Earlier it was mentioned that just as there are twenty-four idols of Vishnu, there are also twelve idols of the Sun. Their names are Dhata, Mitra, Aryama, Rudra, Varuna, Surya, Bhaga, Vivaswan, Pusha, Savitru, Tvashta, Vishnu.
Its classification is based on what exactly is in hand. Pusha is the only idol that has two arms, while the other eleven idols of the sun have four arms and the upper two hands always have a lotus.
पूषाख्यस्य रवेरमुर्ती-द्विर्भुजा पद् लांछना ।
सर्वपापहरा ज्ञेया सर्वलक्षणलक्षिता॥
Means idol called Pusha has two arms and holds a lotus in both. This idol with all its symbols absolves sins.
Goats are attached to the chariot of Pusha instead of horses, hence the adjective ajashva is used. He is said to be the best charioteer and the master of the roads. He removes all obstacles and shows the way to those who are weeping.
In the state of Karnataka, on the banks of the river Tungabhadra is the Galageshwar temple which was built by Kalyan Chalukya in the 11th century.
First idol belongs to the Sun God in the same temple and holds a lotus in both hands. Prabha Mandal and behind the head and a mukuta(crown) is seen on the head.
There is only one garment on the body which looks like a coat. As the garment is set aside, the exposed body is exposed. This idol is standing on Padma Pitha. The idols of the sun are either shown standing on the padma pitha or on a hexagonal chariot with seven horses attached. The charioteer of such a chariot is the lame Arun.
There are idols of Usha on the right and Pratyusha (mostly) on the left. Both are sources of solar energy. The first ray of morning is called Usha and the last ray of evening is Pratyusha.
Second idol is from Aihole and has a crown on the head, earrings in the ears, lotus in both hands, ornaments around the neck, belt on the abdomen and waist.
The third idol is from Halebidu. This idol is very beautiful and is adorned with ornaments and lotus like the above two idols. But in this sculpture the artist seems to have worked very hard.
Thus we saw the type of Pusha in the Sun idol and finally one thing - the Sun is the one who runs the cycle of creation in the true sense. Whether it is the sun or any other planet, it has a unique significance in Hinduism.
©Onkar Khandoji Todkar
यावकाशकः सूर्यो वावमूर्तिभिरीरितः ||
Which means, as long as the sun shines in the sky, people will continue to be inspired by the idols.
Sun is the most important deity in Sanatan Dharma after Shiva and Vishnu. Just as Shiva is worshiped by Shaivites and Vishnu is worshiped by Vaishnavism, those who believe in the sun are also known as solar.
Earlier it was mentioned that just as there are twenty-four idols of Vishnu, there are also twelve idols of the Sun. Their names are Dhata, Mitra, Aryama, Rudra, Varuna, Surya, Bhaga, Vivaswan, Pusha, Savitru, Tvashta, Vishnu.
Its classification is based on what exactly is in hand. Pusha is the only idol that has two arms, while the other eleven idols of the sun have four arms and the upper two hands always have a lotus.
पूषाख्यस्य रवेरमुर्ती-द्विर्भुजा पद् लांछना ।
सर्वपापहरा ज्ञेया सर्वलक्षणलक्षिता॥
Means idol called Pusha has two arms and holds a lotus in both. This idol with all its symbols absolves sins.
Goats are attached to the chariot of Pusha instead of horses, hence the adjective ajashva is used. He is said to be the best charioteer and the master of the roads. He removes all obstacles and shows the way to those who are weeping.
In the state of Karnataka, on the banks of the river Tungabhadra is the Galageshwar temple which was built by Kalyan Chalukya in the 11th century.
First idol belongs to the Sun God in the same temple and holds a lotus in both hands. Prabha Mandal and behind the head and a mukuta(crown) is seen on the head.
There is only one garment on the body which looks like a coat. As the garment is set aside, the exposed body is exposed. This idol is standing on Padma Pitha. The idols of the sun are either shown standing on the padma pitha or on a hexagonal chariot with seven horses attached. The charioteer of such a chariot is the lame Arun.
There are idols of Usha on the right and Pratyusha (mostly) on the left. Both are sources of solar energy. The first ray of morning is called Usha and the last ray of evening is Pratyusha.
Second idol is from Aihole and has a crown on the head, earrings in the ears, lotus in both hands, ornaments around the neck, belt on the abdomen and waist.
The third idol is from Halebidu. This idol is very beautiful and is adorned with ornaments and lotus like the above two idols. But in this sculpture the artist seems to have worked very hard.
Thus we saw the type of Pusha in the Sun idol and finally one thing - the Sun is the one who runs the cycle of creation in the true sense. Whether it is the sun or any other planet, it has a unique significance in Hinduism.
©Onkar Khandoji Todkar
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